Common Diabetes QuestionsFAQ & Answers

Living with diabetes raises many questions. Here are answers to the most frequently asked questions about diabetes management, blood sugar, medications, and daily life with diabetes.

Basic Questions

What's the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Type 1: An autoimmune condition where the body destroys insulin-producing cells. Requires insulin injections. Usually diagnosed in childhood but can occur at any age. About 5-10% of cases.

Type 2: The body doesn't use insulin effectively (insulin resistance). Can often be managed with lifestyle changes and oral medications. About 90-95% of cases.

Can diabetes be cured?

Type 1: Currently no cure. Requires lifelong insulin therapy.

Type 2: Can go into remission with significant weight loss and lifestyle changes, especially if caught early. However, it's considered remission, not cure—it can return.

Is diabetes hereditary?

Genetics play a role in both types, but they're not the only factor:

  • Type 1: If a parent has it, risk is about 5-6%
  • Type 2: Strong genetic component—if one parent has it, risk is 40%; if both, about 70%

Lifestyle factors also significantly influence Type 2 risk.

Blood Sugar Questions

What's a normal blood sugar level?

Timing Normal Diabetes Target
Fasting Below 100 mg/dL 80-130 mg/dL
2 hours after eating Below 140 mg/dL Below 180 mg/dL
A1C Below 5.7% Below 7% (individualized)

Why is my fasting blood sugar high even when I didn't eat?

Several reasons:

  • Dawn phenomenon: Hormones released in early morning raise blood sugar
  • Somogyi effect: Rebound from overnight low blood sugar
  • Not enough medication: May need adjustment
  • Late-night snacking: Effects can last into morning

Discuss persistent high fasting readings with your doctor.

How often should I test my blood sugar?

Depends on your treatment:

  • Type 1 or intensive insulin: 4-10+ times daily, or use CGM
  • Type 2 on insulin: Multiple times daily
  • Type 2 on oral meds: As directed, often 1-2 times daily
  • Diet-controlled: May be occasional or as needed

Always test when you feel symptoms of high or low blood sugar.

What causes blood sugar spikes?

  • Eating too many carbohydrates
  • Not enough medication or insulin
  • Stress (releases glucose-raising hormones)
  • Illness or infection
  • Certain medications (steroids, etc.)
  • Not enough physical activity
  • Dehydration

Food & Diet Questions

Do I have to give up all sugar?

No. The key is moderation and balance:

  • Sugar is a carbohydrate—count it like other carbs
  • Small amounts are fine as part of a meal
  • Focus on total carbs, not just "sugar"
  • Choose treats wisely and plan for them

Can I eat fruit?

Yes! Fruit is nutritious and contains fiber. Tips:

  • Stick to moderate portions
  • Choose whole fruit over juice
  • Berries are lower in sugar than tropical fruits
  • Pair with protein to slow glucose absorption

What should I eat for breakfast?

Focus on protein and limit refined carbs:

  • Eggs with vegetables
  • Greek yogurt with berries
  • Protein smoothie with spinach
  • Oatmeal with nuts and protein

Morning insulin resistance is often highest, so breakfast carbs hit hardest for many people.

How many carbs should I eat per day?

There's no one-size-fits-all answer:

  • Typical recommendation: 45-60g per meal, 15-20g per snack
  • Some do well with lower carb approaches (50-100g total daily)
  • Work with a dietitian to find what works for you
  • Test to see how your body responds

Medication Questions

Do I have to take medication forever?

Type 1: Yes, insulin is always required.

Type 2: Not necessarily. Some people can reduce or stop medications with significant lifestyle changes. Never stop medications without doctor guidance.

What if I miss a dose?

  • Don't double up to make up for a missed dose
  • For most pills: Take when you remember, unless close to next dose
  • For insulin: Depends on type—check with your doctor
  • Set reminders to prevent missed doses

Why does my doctor keep changing my medications?

Diabetes is progressive, especially Type 2. Over time:

  • The pancreas may produce less insulin
  • Insulin resistance may change
  • What worked before may need adjustment
  • Newer, better medications become available

Medication changes don't mean you've failed.

Lifestyle Questions

Can I exercise with diabetes?

Yes! Exercise is highly beneficial:

  • Improves insulin sensitivity
  • Helps with weight management
  • Lowers blood sugar
  • Reduces cardiovascular risk

Check blood sugar before and after, and carry fast-acting glucose. Some adjustments may be needed for insulin users.

Can I drink alcohol?

In moderation, with precautions:

  • Never drink on an empty stomach
  • Alcohol can cause delayed low blood sugar
  • Monitor blood sugar more closely
  • Limit to 1 drink (women) or 2 (men) per day
  • Choose lower-carb options (dry wine, light beer, spirits)

Can I travel with diabetes?

Absolutely. Plan ahead:

  • Carry supplies in your carry-on (never check insulin)
  • Bring extra supplies (double what you think you need)
  • Carry a letter from your doctor
  • Adjust for time zone changes (especially insulin timing)
  • Keep snacks for low blood sugar handy

Complication Questions

Will I go blind or lose a limb?

Not necessarily. Complications are not inevitable:

  • Good blood sugar control significantly reduces risk
  • Regular screenings catch problems early
  • Treatments are available if problems develop
  • Many people with diabetes never develop serious complications

How can I prevent complications?

  • Keep blood sugar in target range
  • Control blood pressure and cholesterol
  • Don't smoke
  • Get regular eye, foot, and kidney checks
  • Take medications as prescribed

Daily Life Questions

Should I tell people I have diabetes?

It's personal, but consider telling:

  • Close family and friends
  • Coworkers who would see you daily
  • Anyone who might need to help in an emergency

Wearing medical ID is also important.

Can I have children?

Yes. Women with diabetes can have healthy pregnancies with planning:

  • Get blood sugar well-controlled before conception
  • Work closely with your healthcare team
  • Monitor more frequently during pregnancy
  • Diabetes management may need adjustment
Have More Questions? Don't hesitate to ask your healthcare team. No question is too small or too "silly." Understanding your condition is key to managing it well. Consider keeping a list of questions to bring to appointments.