Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)

Low blood pressure (hypotension) occurs when blood pressure is much lower than normal. While it's often not a cause for concern, severely low blood pressure can reduce the body's oxygen supply to vital organs, leading to health issues.

Understanding Blood Pressure Readings

  • Low Blood Pressure: Lower than 90/60 mmHg
  • Normal: Between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg
  • Note: What's considered too low varies by individual and circumstances

Common Causes and Risk Factors

Primary Risk Factors

  • Pregnancy
  • Heart problems
  • Endocrine disorders
  • Dehydration
  • Blood loss
  • Severe infection (septicemia)
  • Severe allergic reaction
  • Certain medications
  • Nutritional deficiencies (B-12 and folic acid)

Signs and Symptoms

Low blood pressure can cause various symptoms, particularly when standing up or changing positions:

  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Fainting (syncope)
  • Blurred vision
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Lack of concentration
  • Cold, clammy skin
  • Rapid, shallow breathing
  • Depression

Management and Treatment

Lifestyle Changes

  • Stay hydrated
  • Increase salt intake (if recommended by doctor)
  • Eat smaller, more frequent meals
  • Stand up slowly
  • Avoid prolonged standing
  • Exercise moderately
  • Wear compression stockings
  • Limit alcohol consumption

Medical Treatment

Depending on the cause, your doctor might recommend:

  • Fludrocortisone to boost blood volume
  • Midodrine to raise standing blood pressure
  • Treatment of underlying conditions
  • Adjusting current medications
  • IV fluids for severe cases

Frequently Asked Questions About Low Blood Pressure

What is considered low blood pressure?

Blood pressure readings below 90/60 mmHg are generally considered low. However, what's considered too low varies by individual and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.