High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common condition where the long-term force of blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems. Understanding and managing your blood pressure is crucial for maintaining good health.

Understanding Blood Pressure Readings

  • Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg
  • Elevated: 120-129/Less than 80 mmHg
  • Stage 1 Hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
  • Stage 2 Hypertension: 140/90 mmHg or higher
  • Hypertensive Crisis: Higher than 180/120 mmHg

Common Causes and Risk Factors

Primary Risk Factors

  • Age (risk increases as you get older)
  • Family history
  • Obesity or being overweight
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • High-sodium diet
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Smoking and tobacco use
  • Chronic stress

Signs and Symptoms

Most people with high blood pressure don't show symptoms, which is why it's often called the "silent killer." However, some people might experience:

  • Severe headaches
  • Shortness of breath
  • Nosebleeds
  • Chest pain
  • Vision problems
  • Irregular heartbeat

Management and Treatment

Lifestyle Changes

  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days)
  • Follow a healthy diet (DASH diet recommended)
  • Reduce sodium intake
  • Limit alcohol consumption
  • Quit smoking
  • Manage stress through relaxation techniques

Medical Treatment

Your doctor might prescribe medications such as:

  • Diuretics (water pills)
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Beta blockers
  • Other medications based on individual needs

Frequently Asked Questions About High Blood Pressure

What is considered high blood pressure?

Blood pressure readings above 130/80 mmHg are considered high. Stage 1 hypertension is 130-139/80-89 mmHg, while Stage 2 hypertension is 140/90 mmHg or higher.